剑灵力士控制技能

杭州，因湖而名，倚湖而兴。

西湖景致天然秀美，饱含人文灵气。在杭州人眼里，西湖就比如是那座城市的“魂灵儿”，一年四时，风光各别；一日四时，妙趣差别，一有空就要去荡荡。

6月24日“杭州西湖日”推出的《杭州Discovery·西湖》系列，不只有耳熟能详的景点，也有尚待发掘的秘境，带各人从头去认识、去寻找西湖的湖山佳处和人文底蕴。

今日推出第六期——玉皇山上慈云岭，千年古道藏吴越瑰宝。

玉皇山上慈云岭

千年古道藏吴越瑰宝

在西湖群山中，玉皇山辈份很高。

它的海拔固然只要200多米，却有一个非常彪悍的头衔——万山之祖。

玉皇山（周兔英 摄）

玉皇山屹立在西湖与钱塘江之间，了望如巨龙横卧，雄姿英发。

因为年代长远，上山的石阶已经被苔藓之类的动物染成了灰青色。走在古树幽幽的山道上，才是实正地远离尘世。

那条拥有千年汗青的石阶山道，如今已经成为杭州市民爬山的必选之路。昔时，它也曾有过灿烂的高光时刻——那是沟通西湖与钱塘江之间最便利的古道之一，叫慈云岭古道。命令开凿那条道的人，恰是吴越王钱镠。

良多人会有疑问，明明爬的是玉皇山，为什么那里又叫做慈云岭？

山和岭，就像是孪生兄弟，常一路呈现。杭州西湖群山连缀，山，是一座一座独立兴起的顶峰；而岭，是由较为平缓连缀的山峦构成的。

慈云岭，本是凤凰山与玉皇山的分界岭。古时，人们往来南北需绕行白塔岭或万松岭，翻山越岭，诸多困难。

展开全文

玉皇山（周兔英 摄）

按照吴越王钱镠《开慈云岭记》记载，在凤凰山下成立吴越王府后，为了沟通西湖与江干（钱塘江边一处渡船船埠，今南星桥一带）之间的交通，“在涒滩之年，后唐同光二年”，也就是公元924年，完成了开凿慈云岭古道。自那时起，那条古道便成为上下船埠、往来商贾的通道，茂盛一时。

从玉皇山庙门不远的林海亭顺着慈云岭古道一路往上，不到10分钟，即可抵达岭巅。岭上有一座迎风而立的六角亭，叫“江湖伟不雅亭”。

江湖伟不雅亭始建于明朝，边上有一块摩崖题刻，写着“乾坤一望”，不断以来的说法，那是明代开国功臣、出名政治及军事家刘伯温题写的。现实上，那四个字并不是刘伯温所写，而是明代人洪珠题写的。

“乾坤一望”摩崖题刻（陈中秋 摄）

继续顺着慈云岭古道一路往南，路分两条，一条往上去往玉皇山顶，一条往下通五代摩崖石刻。

走过老玉皇宫门口，逐级而下，大要走十来米，能看到一个情况清幽的小院落，门前匾额上写“吴越瑰宝”四个大字，彰显了它的身份。

进门，岭南山坡上有五代期间的石窟造像，共两龛七尊，那是目前西湖景区保留较为完好的石刻造像。

慈云岭造像（陈中秋 摄）

造像上部及龛楣中，雕琢有飞天、七佛、金翅鸟等，北侧较小的地藏龛中，是代表“六道轮回”的人物。

固然履历了上千年的光阴流转，大部门已严峻风化，但仍能较为明晰地辨识部门出来。

造像边，有一块《佛牙赞》摩崖碑，用篆书刻有“新建镇国资延高寿石像之记”。2020年，杭州几位金石喜好者在多方考证后，比对其他相关摩崖，确证原刻中的“高寿”，该是“禅院”二字，碑额原文应为“新建镇国资延禅院石像之记”十二篆字。

为什么一块碑上会存在两套文字重合？本来那是一块造像记，相当于那组造像的申明碑，到了北宋宋仁宗时，将本来的造像记磨掉，改刻为《佛牙赞》，原碑文信息丧失。

也就是说，那里本来是一座寺庙，叫资延寺，慈云岭造像就是寺内的一部门。

慈云岭造像（凤凰山办理处 供图）

慈云岭造像的院子里，不出门，右手边有一扇侧门，穿过古树藤蔓掩映下的石径，步行大要5分钟，就到了石龙洞造像。那里人迹罕至，即使是登过玉皇山屡次的人，也很少会寻到那里。

石龙洞造像均围绕天然的石龙洞摆列，有“一佛二门生二菩萨”像，下面为三世佛雕像，还有罗汉诸像、不雅音像、力士像等。固然历经千载风霜雨露的侵蚀，那些石刻佛像仍然轮廓清楚。

阿弥陀佛像

不雅世音菩萨像

金刚力士立像

地藏王菩萨坐像

那里最有名的是石龙洞口西南向的一块巨岩上，密布摆列整齐、壮不雅的千佛造像，所以石龙洞又称千佛龛。

千佛龛依岩势而凿成，壸门式龛高1.7米，宽1.96米。3平方米多的处所有500多尊佛，号称“千佛”。大的约手掌大，小的只要拇指大小。像如许密集型刻得又较小的千佛龛，在南方其实不多见，是杭州地域独一的一座千佛龛。

千佛龛（陈中秋 摄）

另有一菩萨像和金刚力士像。金刚力士像高0.9米，披甲站立，右手做无畏印，左手执宝钺，气概与慈云岭造像主龛的金刚力士非常类似。那也是专家们断定那组造像的开凿年代为五代期间的原因之一。

石龙洞造像位于吴越郊坛的边上，于是就有许多人推测千佛龛是吴越王钱镠开凿的，不外那些料想，目前还没法子验证，石龙洞造像留下来的记载其实太少了。

但也恰是因为那里是一处罕见的秘境，造像才得以较为无缺地保留至今。

Ciyun Ridge: a Mysterious Ancient Path on Jade Emperor Hill

Among the hills around West Lake, Jade Emperor Hill has the longest history.

Although its altitude is only more than 200 meters, it is honored as the "ancestor of all hills" in Hangzhou.

Standing between West Lake and the Qiantang River, Jade Emperor Hill is like a giant dragon lying on the ground in a dashing manner.

Due to its long history, the stone steps up the hill have been blanketed by dark blue plants such as moss. Walking on the secluded path accompanied by ancient trees is indeed a way to distance from the mundane world.

Now, this stone path with a history of thousands of years has become the only way for Hangzhou residents to ascend Jade Emperor Hill. In the past, it also had its glorious days as the "ancient path of Ciyun Ridge" — one of the most convenient ancient paths connecting West Lake and the Qiantang River, and the person who ordered its excavation was Qian Liu (852-932), the great King of Wuyue Kingdom.

It is often questioned why it is called Ciyun Ridge while they are climbing Jade Emperor Hill.

In fact, hills and ridges are like twins as they often make their appearances together. The former refers to independent peaks, while the latter is composed of relatively moderate hills. West Lake in Hangzhou is exactly surrounded by continuous hills and ridges.

Ciyun Ridge used to be the boundary between Phoenix Hill and Jade Emperor Hill. In ancient times, people would go around Baita Ridge or Wansong Ridge to travel from north to south and suff er from an arduous journey crossing them.

Then in 924, the ancient path of Ciyun Ridge was built under the order of Qian Liu, who had just completed the establishment of Wuyue Palace at the foot of Phoenix Hill, according to The Records of Digging in Ciyun Ridge. It was completed to connect West Lake and Jianggan (a ferry pier near the Qiantang River, now around the Nanxing Bridge), which makes the transportation between them become more convenient for businessmen and accessible to the wharves. As a result, its popularity peaked accordingly.

Now, if you walk up from the gate of Jade Emperor Hill, you are likely to arrive at "Linhai Pavilion" immediately, and then top of the hill within fi ve or six minutes. There is a hexagonal pavilion in your sight, which is called "Jianghu Weiguan Pavilion" .

It was built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) with a cliff stone nearby, bearing the inion of "Qian Kun Yi Wang" (meaning "a glance at heaven and earth" ). It is said that this was engraved by a famous politician and military strategist Liu Bowen (1311–1375), the founding hero of the Ming Dynasty. In fact, these four characters were the calligraphy works of Hong Zhu (1484-?).

If you continue to follow the path southwards, you are supposed to find two branch roads: one leads to the top of Jade Emperor Hill, and the other goes down to the cliff stone carvings in the Five Dynasties.

Following the steps down and going past the gate of the Old Jade Emperor Palace, you can see a small quiet courtyard. There is a horizontal inscribed board hanging over the door with four characters "Wu Yue Gui Bao" (meaning "treasure of Wuyue Kingdom" ) on it, which dignifies the status of the courtyard.

In the courtyard, there are grotto statues of the Five Dynasties on the southern slope of the Ciyun Ridge, with a total of seven statues in two shrines. These stone statues are preserved relatively intact in the West Lake Scenic Area.

On the upper part of the main shrine are carved with flying Apsaras, seven Buddhas, redpolls, and so on. On its north side is the smaller shrine for Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, whose upper left corner is relief carvings of "Six Ways of Reincarnation" , namely, heaven, humanity, Asura, hell, hungry ghost and animal.

Although most of the characters had been severely weathered after thousands of years, some can still be clearly identified.

Beside the statues, there is a cliff stele of "Fo Ya Zan" (meaning "praise of Buddha tooth" ), engraved in seal characters "Records of the Newly-built Ziyan Xialing Stone Statue for the Guarding of Country" , in which the original inion of "Xialing" is actually "Chanyuan" (meaning "Buddhist temple" ), according to the comparative studies conducted by epigraph lovers in Hangzhou in 2020.

Then, why do two sets of inions overlap on the same stele? It turns out that it was originally a statue record, equivalent to an explanatory tablet for this group of statues. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the original inion was for some specific reason erased and the new characters were engraved instead, leading to the loss of the original information.

That is to say, it used to be Ziyan Temple with statues being part of it.

Statues in the courtyard are not alone on Ciyun Ridge. Through its side door on the right and after 5-minute walk on the stone path under ancient trees and vines, there comes "Stone Dragon Cave" with statues in it. This cave is less conspicuous even for regular visitors of Jade Emperor Hill.

The statues in Stone Dragon Cave are all arranged in accordance with the natural features of the cave. To put it in detail, "a Buddha flanked by two Bodhisattvas and two disciples" , and below are "Buddhas of Three Times" . Also, there are statues of Arhats, Guanyin, and Buddha's Warrior Attendants, etc. These statues have nonetheless clear outlines despite the erosion in the past thousands of years.

The cave's another name "Thousand-Buddha Cave" can be attributed to the most famous carving "Thousand-Buddha Shrine", a huge rock with spectacular and orderly statues on it in the southwest of its entrance.

Built according to the cliff posture, it is 1.7 meters high and 1.96 meters wide with more than 500 Buddhas known as "Thousand Buddhas" . The biggest ones are about the size of a palm, and the smallest as big as a thumb. Such a densely-carved and small-sized thousand-Buddha shrine is rare in the south of China and it is the only one of its kind in Hangzhou.

In addition, there are statues of a Bodhisattva and a Buddha's Guardian Warrior. The Guardian Warrior is 0.9 meters high, standing in armor with a Buddhist gesture in his right hand and a halberd in the other. The style is similar to that of the Guardian Warrior in the main shrine of Ciyun Ridge. That is one of the reasons experts date this group of statues in the Five Dynasties.

Many people suppose that it is Qian Liu who built the "Thousand-Buddha Shrine" as Stone Dragon Cave is located near the altar of Wuyue Kingdom. However, it is only a guesswork and remains unverified owing to the inadequate records.

History, especially a hazy one, is always fascinating for people to hunt for cultural fragments. With the stone carving all in one piece, it is just a matter of time to piece together the whole picture. Maybe, setting foot on this ancient path, you can begin your journey to unveil the historical secrets hiding in the wood, just like treasure hunting.

Thus, my friend, if the statues are the storytellers, will you be the first one to listen to?

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